Always makes me smile and laugh within myself whenever I hear anyone asserting, blaming and claiming that Nepal has been ruined by the western world philosophical thoughts and ideas relating to socioeconomic (capitalism, communism) and socio-cultural (feminism, sexism, genderism) political movements for women empowerment and emancipation. In fact, it is baseline to assert, blame and claim in such way because there is no evidence till date that Nepal has been ruined by the western philosophical thoughts and ideas. However, there is an ample historical evidence to prove that Nepal has been ruined by Brahmanism patriarchal masculinism and capitalism governed by the Law of Manu, conceived as per the thoughts and ideas of Indian Brahman sage, Svayambhuva Manu, who is considered the first law giver of Indian subcontinent and the world.
In the memory of Indian sage Svayambhuva Manu, the Law of Manu was written in-between 185 BCE to 75 BCE during the Shunga dynasty, also known as a Brahmin dynasty, established in 185 BCE, about 50 years after Ashoka's death, when the emperor Brihadratha Maurya, the last ruler of the Maurya Empire, was assassinated by his Senānī or commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Shunga, while he was reviewing the Guard of Honour of his forces [1]. Pushyamitra Shunga then ascended the throne.
The law of Manu also known as Manusmriti is the profound socioeconomic, cultural, political and legal document of by then Indian society. Based on this Law of Manu color, class, creed and caste based social hierarchy had created which is still very much prevalent in Indian and Nepalese society since almost all ancient so-called holy scriptures, books and literature of India are based on it. In Nepal, the Law of Manu has been introduced officially in 14th century with the support of five Indian learned Maithili Brahmin during Jayasthiti Malla kingship promulgating "Manav Nyaya Shastra". Later in 1854 AD by then prime minister, Junga Bahadur Rana promulgated Nepal's code of conduct known as "Muluki Ain" on which all the thoughts, ideas and provision articles of Manav Nyaya Shastra borrowed in addition to new thoughts, ideas and provisions were introduced based on the Europe tour done by Junga Bahadur Rana. Therefore, whatever socio-economic, sociocultural, political and religious problems that Nepal has today is all due to this two code of conduct imposed by rulers rather than western world philosophical ideologies borrowed by our politicians.
Nepal Communist party's politicians and people blame to Nepal's democratic political party, Nepali Congress asserting that western world capitalism is the root cause of Nepal sociopolitical unrest because class hierarchy has been created by Nepali Congress due to privatization of business, education and health sectors. Similarly, so-called communists blame to women and girls who are raising their voices against historical marginalization, discrimination and injustice against women taking part in education, economics, politics and socio-cultural and religious events are due to western world feminism ideology promoted by NGOs and Nepalese women are studying abroad in the western world. In fact, these both blame and claim are baseless when we dig out the historical reason for injustice, discrimination, marginalization and unrest of sociopolitical status of Nepal.
In my understanding, western world capitalism, patriarchal and masculinism are based on Abrahamism Judaism whereas eastern world, especially South Asian or eastern world capitalism, patriarchal and masculinism are based on Manuism Brahmanism. These two are core differences between western and eastern world philosophical thoughts, ideas and concepts based on how society functions on economic, education, environment, entrepreneurship, sociopolitical and cultural issues. Therefore, it is baseless to blame western world capitalism by communists as well as religious dogmatic people, priests, public servants and politicians.
Communism ideology has been coined by German philosopher, Karl Marx, who belong to an elite family known as Jewish. His class concept was based on Abrahamism religious belief mainly relating to Judaism and Christianity whereas Nepalese class concept is based on Manuism Brahmanism philosophy that classified human beings on hierarchical order according to their skinned colors (while, red, brown and black) and accordingly they have been assigned job what they suppose to do or don't depending upon their skinned colors. For example, Brahmin, considered born from Brahma, the creator's mouth is responsible for teaching, educating, adviser of rulers and carry out priestly activities. Therefore, they are the top most members of the society. Other than Brahmin no one is allowed and eligible to carry out holy activities and studying holy scriptures. Therefore, Nepal capitalism is not borrowed from western world instead coined in India by Indian society law giver Brahmin sage, Manu. Similarly, feminism movement to empower and emancipate are not borrowed from western world since feminine icons powers are conceived by ancient Indian sage as powerful goddesses such as Laxmi the prosperity goddess, Sarswati goddess of wisdom, Durga goddess of courageous and Kali as a destroyer of any social evil and devil doers.
Reference
1. Shunga Dynasty accessed from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunga_Empire#cite_note-4.
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