Sunday 28 December 2014

History of an Asian, Indus valley and Indo-Aryan civilisation

I am really impressed to listen the lectures of  Associate Professor Abdul Karim Khan from the University of Hawaii about Asian civilisation who has great knowledge of history and his presentations are very engaging that helps curious minded who love to learn and understand about history of Asia especially South Asia. 

Nature unified humanity it is the great statement made by Dr Khan in his second part of his lecture in the "Monsoon Asia" and gives example of agriculture of rice culture in tropical areas of Asia, which is oceanic areas and south east of Asia and another is wheat culture in continental areas of Asia, which is north west of Asia and mostly outside Asia. In rice culture people work together since they need water whereas in wheat culture is not as great as rice culture because they work individually.  He further talks about the Nature of labour=Nature of land and says that in the nature of labour land is hard due to less water and people work individually whereas in Nature of land there is soft land due to more water and people work collectively 


I have watched his few other lectures about Indus valley civilisation, Indo-Aryan civilisation, Hinduism and Buddhism which found fascinating and insightful to learn and understand about our own civilisation influenced by Aryan who came from between the Black and Caspian Seas.


Here is the excerpt about the Aryan history who came to India and became Indo-aryan.  



- Aryan/Arya is a Sanskrit for "Noble" and "Pure".
- It can be both racial/ethnic or linguistic group.
- 3000 BCE orginated between the Black and Caspian Seas.
- Between Europe (Ukraine) and Asia (Iran).
- Aryans dispersed in different directions
- "Iran" means "Aryans' Land" in Persian /Sanskrit Languages.
- Reached closer to Northwestern India
- In 1500 BCE Aryan conquered India.
- Fall of Indus Civilisation.
- Aryans different from native peoples of India.
- Aryan as an Linguistic group suggesting an original common source of Sanskrit, Persian, Greek, Latin, German, Russian, English, etc and there are so much similarities of Aryan people who went in different directions.
- In 1500 Aryans came from Iran and entered India from Afghanistan.
- Invaded /conquered Northwestern India.
- They spread toward Northeast where the Ganges and Januman river meet in the Doab (two rivers' land).
- Aryans enslaved Dravidians (native of India) and/or People's of the Indus civilisation.
- Established race based society.
- Aryans were white and taller.
- Dravidians called Dasa (natives) were darker and shorter compared to Caucasian people.
- Foreign white Aryan minority ruling dark Dravidian majority.
- Had interaction between
       - Aryan nomadic masters and Dravidian settled slaves and had mutual influences.
       - Dravidians adopted Aryan religion.
      - Aryans adopted Dravidian agriculture practices and architecture
      - Dravidan  words for agriculture entered Aryans's sanskrit language.
      - Aryan Sanskrit script utilised Indus ideograms and Aramaic script of west Asia.

- Aryans became Indians just as Mongol invaders of China became Chinese thus they became Indianisation.
- They abandoned nomadic/pastoral lifestyle for settled agriculture
- Essential feature of Aryan Society in India.
  - Sanskrit language
  - Social/caste system
  - Brahman/priestly rule
   - Republics/kingdoms sprang out in India

- Aryan society socio-economic/poliical changes
   - They were very good at lyrics so from Lyricism to Literature it went
   - From Poetry to Philosophy
   - From Invasions to settlements
   - From Nomadism to civilisation and became cultured people

By 1000 BCE completed veda (wisdom/knowledge) in oral version.
- Vedic hymms memorized.
Between 500-200 BCE the Veda scriptures were written.
- The need for literate priests, Brahmans.
References 
1. Asian Civilisation part 1-Introduction access from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbdcSxtsj9A 
2. Asian civilisation part 2-Monsoon Asia access from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_SHR-kPZQw
3. Asian Civilization-Part05-Indo-Aryan Civilization (1500 BC - 200 BC) 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huCE09UZUco&feature=youtu.be

Tuesday 23 December 2014

Root cause of social injustice and inequality in Nepal and India

From my rigorous research for the root cause of fruits such as Apartheid (Racism/Casteism), Sexism, Genderism, Monopolise and Hegemonise that both Nepalese and Indian are tasting since last 2200 years is "Manuism", an ideology that coined from the "Law of Manu which is known as "Manusmriti" which was written in ancient India during the time of Sunga Dynasty that ruled ancient northern part of India from 185 BCE to 75 BCE founded by Pushyamitra Sunga Brahmin, an Army General of the Mauryan empire. In 185 BCE he assassinated the last Mauryan Emperor, Brihadratha Maurya during an army review, and proclaimed himself King.
Manuism has shaped the mindset of whole South Asia but very much prevalent in India and Nepal.

Buddha tried his best to wipe out Brahmanism religion, a corrupt version of Vedic religion of ancient India before, during and after Buddha time period that had imposed apartheid to so-called Shudra "untouchable caste" to those who are poor, and black in appearance than ruler class. Even during Mauryan empire period (322 BCE to 185 BCE) there was NO such apartheid which we can find after 185 BCE to date because of the Manu's code of Law written during Sunga Dynasty then promoted and sustained to date by some POWER hungrier who don't have any sense of humanity. Therefore, manuism has killed humanity both in Nepal and India because those who believe and follow manuism they all don't see human as human. Instead they see human as an animal so they love treating them like an animal in a cruel and inhumane manner.

I consider manuism is a social virus both in Nepal and India.

Wonder WHEN this social virus gonna die or kill or when anti-manuism will be born from the same community who believe and follow it without thoughtful consideration for the sake of humanity.

In India Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, a chief Architect of India who was a jurist, economist, politician, social reformer and Independent India 1st Minister of Law and Justice was born to raise voice against it. That is why in India compared to Nepal now most of so-called Shudra "Dalit" has been able to access better opportunity from the state welfare which otherwise wouldn't be possible to date.

Monday 22 December 2014

Masculinity Power demonstration: A culture of RAPE in Nepal

I just wonder who is responsible and to blame for inhumane barbaric criminal hilarious action like "RAPE" which even animals hardly do to their females to demonstrate their masculinity Penis Power. I completely agree with statement made by the guardian columnist, Jill Filipovic who said "Rape is about POWER, NOT SEX".  

Although daughters are considered as a Goddess "Laxmi" in Nepali society wonder WHY own father, grandfather, brothers and relatives rape own daughters, granddaughters, sisters, niece and relatives. This is really serious and very unsafe situation in Nepalese society which has been taking place since ancient time till now. But at present due to mass media booming such incidents have been started to report which otherwise were forbidden by security forces as well government to bring out. Thus it was usually kept secret and hidden within a family circle.

Rural, illiterate, poor and uncivilised men if have done such criminal act of raping to own daughters, granddaughters, sisters, niece and relatives in somehow it is understandable because we can consider such people as barbaric, fool, unwise, and animal minded. However, it happening among so-called literate, educated and civilised men world so it is completely indigestible and unacceptable.

Like every year we read and hear such news from Nepal about rape, this year also a 19-year old girl from Kavre district has been reported being raped by own father aged 47 Prakash KC and her grandfather, Indra Bahadur KC aged 72 since she was 13-year old (1). He has been jailed only for 10 year and her grandfather killed himself on August 25. 


Similarly, another girl 13-year old girl has been reported being raped by own father and brother. Last year (2013), a journalist, Ramesh Pokharel from Gauradaha, Jhapa district, who is affiliated with the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified MarxistLeninist), also known as CPN–UML  had raped his own juvenile daughter (2). Luckily this year, the District Court Jhapa, Chief Judge, Ramesh Kumar Khattri, has convicted him with 20 years of imprisonment under the incest and rape case on December 14.


In 2011 in the eastern part of Nepal Sankhasawa district, 21-year old Buddhist Nun, Samita Tamang (named changed) from Bhojpur district was gang raped by bus drivers and helpers. Similarly, in the far west Nepal 16-year old Pooja Bohora (named changed) has been reported gang raped in March 2012 while she was attending her School Leaving Certificate exams in her home district, Baitadi (3). After recovery she said she was drugged and raped by local bookshoper Sagar Bhatta and Amar Awasti of Baitadi. Every day, month and year is not exceptional in hearing such criminal action from penis rule society mindset who can't think differently other than sexual assault to minors, innocent and ignorant girls and women. This year on May, three men including 14-year old boy namely Laxman Limbu, 20, Nat Bahadur Limbu, 24, and a 14 year old teenager of Letang, Morang district raped a married woman of the same village 36-year old while she was returning home from local Bazaar in the evening time (4). Unfortunately they have been convicted only 10 years by Morgan district court on December. Likewise, the Supreme Court has convicted Yadav Ghimire, a section officer at the Nepal Telecommunication Authority, in a rape case. 


There was another gang raped to 14-year old girl from dalit community originally from Chitwan district (5). She was raped by Madan Khadka and other men for a month keeping her locked in a room who was about to be sold to a brothel in the Tibetan town of Khasa in China after she was sexually exploited for a month, was rescued a week ago from Dadhikot- 8 of Bhaktapur district by the police and Raksha Nepal, a non-governmental organization that works for the welfare of sexually exploited women. 


Another case this year in October 10-year daughter has been reported raped by own father and brother and her mother is away from home working in Kuwait (6).


These are just some representative cases and incidents of rapist culture of Nepalese manuism ideology driven mindset society which I feel nauseated even to talk and report because we people of Nepal are promoting culture of rape which we hardly see in a civilised world.


"Rapists don't rape because they can't "get" sex elsewhere. Rapists don't rape because they're uncontrollably turned on by the sight of some cleavage, or a midriff, or red lipstick, or an ankle. They rape because they're misogynist sadists, and they flourish in places where misogyny is justified as tradition and maleness comes with a presumption of violence.' (7)"
- Jill Filipovic, Columnist, The Guardian

Reference

1. Father and grandfather raped won daughter and granddaughter since aged 13 in Kavre district  http://thehimalayantimes.com/rssReference.php?headline=Kavre+Court+sends+%27rapist%27+father+to+custody&NewsID=428012
2.  Ramesh Pokharel raped own daughter in Jhapa district last year http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/12/19/national/journalist-jailed-for-raping-his-daughter/399248.html
3. Gang raped Pooja Bohora, Baitadi http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/2/full-story/400419.html
4. Gang raped a married woman aged 36 in Letang, Morang district http://www.reviewnepal.com/full-story.php?news_id=1411 
5. Gang raped 14-year old dalit girl http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=76032
6. Father and brother raped 10-year daughter http://www.canadanepalprogram.com/2014/10/brother-arrestede-on-charge-of-raping.html
7. Rapist is about POWER not SEX. by Jill Filipovic http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/29/rape-about-power-not-sex



Friday 19 December 2014

Genocide of Buddhism in ancient India

In India among scholars interesting discussion takes place regarding religions, mainly Brahmanism and Buddhism because both religions were founded in Indian soil. BUT one vanished and another flourished so everyone wonder WHY!!
Very interesting article titled "Hinduism and Talibanism" had written by Mukundan C. Menon, who was one of the most prominent human-rights activists in India.
It starts with the question "Which is more deplorable: destruction of Buddhism in its own birth place in ancient India by Hindus, or of Buddha statues by present day Islamic Talibans in Afghanistan?"
Two well known academicians of Kerala - Prof KM Bahauddin, former pro-vice chancellor of Aligarh Muslim and Osmania universities, and Dr MS Jayaprakash, professor of history at Kollam - throw some deep insights into the dark history of India when Buddhism was systematically eliminated by Brahminical forces who control Hinduism, then and now.
Says Jayaprakash: ‘The ruthless demolition of Buddha statues by Taliban has courted severe criticism from different quarters of the world. Surprisingly, the BJP-led Indian Government, supported by all Hindutva forces, also condemned the Taliban action. It is a paradox that the forerunners of the present Hindutva forces in India had wantonly destroyed not only Buddhist statues but also killed Buddhists in India. Therefore, any impartial student of history would unequivocally say that these Hindutva forces have no moral right to criticize Taliban now.’
He elaborates: ‘Hundreds of Buddhist statues, stupas and viharas have been destroyed in India between 830 and 966 AD in the name of Hindu revivalism. Both literary and archaeological sources within and outside India speak volumes about the havoc done to Buddhism by Hindu fanatics. Spiritual leaders like Sankaracharya and many Hindu kings and rulers took pride in demolishing Buddhist images aiming at the total eradication of Buddhist culture. Today, their descendants destroyed the Babri Masjid and also published the list of mosques to be targeted in future. It is with this sin of pride that they presently condemn Taliban.’
Prof. Bahauddin elaborates the selfish compulsions of Brahminism to wipe-out Buddhism: ‘Buddhism tried to create a dynamic society in ancient India. Jainism also contributed its share. As Buddhism spread, iron ploughs and implement were used for development of agriculture. As a result, new areas were cultivated and agricultural productivity increased, apart from developing trade centres and road links. Subsistence-level economy changed to a surplus economy with grain storage facilities, exchange of goods, trade and development of bureaucratic administration. This also created social change - from elans consisting several families to tribes consisting several elans of similar socio-economic conditions. The emphasis of Brahmins, on the other hand, was for receiving and giving alms and not on production of goods. Those who give and receive alms were close to Gods and those who produce were considered as inferior. According to Manusmriti, a Sudra should not have wealth of his own. In case he has any, a Brahmin as his master can take it over without any hesitation. ‘Rigveda’ goes a step further to kill those who do not give ‘danam’ to the Brahmins. In other words, someone has to produce goods so that others can give ‘danam’ to the recipient Brahmins. It was against this system of 'downgrading those who produce' that Buddhism came into being.’
Recalls Dr. Jayaprakash: ‘The Hindu ruler Pushyamitra Sunga had destroyed 84,000 Buddhist stupas which were built by Emperor Ashoka. This was followed by the demolition of Buddhist centres in Magadha. Thousands of Buddhist saints were killed mercilessly. King Jalaluka destroyed the Buddha viharas within his jurisdiction on the ground that chanting of hymns by Buddhists disturbed his sleep! In Kashmir, King Kinnara demolished thousands of viharas and captured the Buddhist villages to please Brahmins. A large number of Buddha viharas were usurped by Brahmins and converted into Hindu temples where entry of ‘untouchables’ was prohibited. Notably, Buddhist places were regularized as Hindu temples by writing Puranas, which were invented myths or pseudo history. The important temples at Tirupathi, Aihole, Undavalli, Ellora, Bengal, Puri, Badarinath, Mathura, Ayodhya, Sringeri, Bodhigaya, Saranath, Delhi, Nalanda, Gudimallam, Nagarjunakonda, Srisailam and Sabarimala are some of the striking examples of Brahminical usurpation of Buddhist centres.’
Detailing the divergence in both orientation and essence between Buddhism and Hinduism, Prof. Bahauddin says: ‘Equality, compassion, non-violence, utilization of human abilities for general welfare, etc. were the cardinal principles of Buddhism. According to ‘Sathpatha Brahmanam (22-6, 3-4-14), on the other hand, the whole universe is controlled by God, God is controlled by Mantram and Mantram is with Brahmins and, therefore, Brahmins are God (on earth). They used Mantram and Sapam to instil fear in the people to obey them, while Buddhism encouraged people to observe visible facts, to apply reason to get out of fear. Buddhism also encouraged people to do good things, besides guiding Kings to look after the people's welfare. Buddhism considers the general welfare of the people, while Brahminism considers that the whole world was created for them all along. And, there is bound to be conflict between these two opposite ways of thinking.’ According to Dr Jayaprakash, Sakaracharya had played ‘a demon's role’ in destruction of Buddhist statues and monuments at Nagarjunakonda (in present-day Andhra Pradesh). ‘A. N. Longhurst, who conducted excavations at Nagarjunakonda, had recorded this in his invaluable book, Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India No. 54, The Buddhist Antiquities of Nagarjunakonda (Delhi, 1938, p. 6). The ruthless manner in which all the buildings at Nagarjunakonda have been destroyed is simply appalling and cannot represent the work of treasure-seekers alone since so many pillars, statues, and sculptures have been wantonly smashed to pieces. Local tradition relates that the great Hindu philosopher and teacher, Sankaracharya, came to Nagarjunakonda with a host of followers and destroyed the Buddhist monuments. The cultivated lands on which ruined buildings stand represent a religious grant made to Sankaracharya.’ Quoting Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Prof. Bahauddin says that the conflict against Brahmin supremacy had, in fact, started before Buddhist period, between Vasishta Muni, a Brahmin, and Viswamitra, a non-Brahmin. ‘The dispute was about the learning of ‘Vedas’, the right to conduct religious ceremony, to receive gifts, and to perform coronation of King. Vasishta Muni insisted that these were the exclusive privileges of Brahmins, while Viswamitra was opposed to such exclusive rights. This dispute lasted for long period, and even Kings joined in it (Writings and Speeches of Dr. Ambedkar, vol. 7, p. 148-155. It was won by Brahmins.’ Prof. Bahauddin lists the different stages of Brahmin hostility against Buddhism: ‘1) 483-273 BC: The period after Buddha's death upto Ashoka's rule when attempts were made to include Brahminical ideas in Buddhist ideology. 2) 273-200 BC: When Buddhism spread all over India and became a world religion. 3) 200 BC-500 AD: The period when all possible efforts were made to disintegrate Buddhism from within by adulterating Buddhist teachings with Brahminical ideas and also through physical annihilation from outside. As a result, Buddhism divided itself into 18 sects, of which Hinayana and Mahayana were prominent ones. 4) 500-700 AD: Brahminism gained supremacy in North India and efforts began to drive out Buddhism and Jainism from South India. 5) 700-1100 AD: Brahminism gained supremacy in South India and, with added vigour, it moved again to North India to obtain complete supremacy over Buddhism and Jainism. 6) 1100-1400 AD: Buddhism and Jainism were destroyed from the remaining Southern States of Karnataka and Kerala and, thus, total supremacy of Brahminism all over India was achieved.’ Adds Dr. Jayaprakash: ‘Within Kerala, Sankaracharya and his close associate Kumarila Bhatta, an avowed foe of Buddhism, organized a religious crusade against Buddhists. A vivid description of Sankaracharya's pleasure of seeing people of non-Brahminic faith being burnt to death is available in ‘Sankara Digvijaya’. Kumarila instigated King Suddhanvan of Ujjain to exterminate Buddhists. The ‘Mricchakatika’ of Sudraka describes how the King's brother-in-law in Ujjain inhumanly tortured the Buddhist monks, by using them as bullocks by inserting a string through their nose and yoking them to the cart! The ‘Keralolpathi’ documents the extermination of Buddhism from Kerala by Kumarila. About the activities of Sankaracharya, even Vivekananda had observed: ‘And, such was the heart of Sankara that he burnt to death lots of Buddhist monks by defeating them in argument. What can you call such action on Sankara's part except fanaticism’ (Complete works of Swami Vivekananda, Vol. III, p. 118, Calcutta, 1997).’ According to Dr. Jayaprakash, there are hundreds of places in Kerala having names ‘palli’ either affixed or suffixed with them. ‘Karunagapalli, Karthikapalli, Pallickal, Pallippuram, Edappally, etc. are some examples of these places. The term ‘palli’ means a Buddha vihara. Notably, Kerala had 1200 years of Buddhist tradition. Earlier, the schools in Malayalam were called as ‘Ezhuthupalli’ or ‘Pallikoodam’. It is also worth noticing that the Christians and Muslims in Kerala use the term ‘palli’ to denote their church and mosque alike. These ‘pallies’ or viharas had been ruthlessly demolished by the Hindu forces under the leadership of Sankaracharya and Kumarila. They could exterminate 1200 years of Buddhist tradition and converted Kerala into a Brahminical state based on the ‘Chaturvarna’ system. Original inhabitants of Kerala, like the Ezhavas, Pulayas, etc., were crushed under the weight of casteism. Many a viharas was transformed into temples and majority of people were prevented from entering temples under the pretext of caste pollution. It can also be noted that the name ‘Kerala’ is the Sanskritised Aryan version of the Dravidian and Buddhist term ‘Cherala’. The Parasurama legend is nothing but an invented myth for regularizing the Brahminical ‘Kerala’ hiding its glorious Buddhist traditions.’ Jainism, too, met with the same fate in South India. Prof. Bahauddin elaborates: ‘Very little information is available about growth of Jainism in South India during 300-400 AD. The Jain book, ‘Digambara Darsana’, recounts the starting of a Sangham at Madurai in 470 AD and Jainism became widespread and strong during 500-600 AD (Kumaraswamy Iyengar, ‘Studies in South Indian Jainism’, p. 51-58)….. The Jains used to instal the images of their saints in their religious places, a practice which was followed by Brahmins. Hindu temples appeared all over Tamilnadu probably after converting the Jain religious places. The idols of 63 Brahmin Sanyasis, who led destruction of Jainism, still adorn the walls of some Hindu temples in Tamilnadu. The remains of destroyed Jain idols, their abandoned religious and living places are scattered all over Tamilnadu to narrate their story. Frescos depicting the kings of Jains could be seen on the walls near the Golden Tank at Madurai Meenakshi Temple where, of the total 12 annual festivals, five depict the killing of Jains according to Kumaraswamy Iyengar (p. 78-79).’ According to Dr. Jayaprakash, a number of Buddha statues have been discovered at places like Ambalapuzha, Karunagapalli, Pallickal, Bharanikkavu, Mavelikara and Neelamperur in Kerala. ‘They are either in the form of smashed pieces or thrown away from viharas. Lord Ayyappa of Sabarimala and Lord Padmanabha at Thiruvananthapuram are the proxy images of Buddha being worshipped as Vishnu. Hundreds of Buddhists were killed on the banks of Aluva river. The term ‘Aluva’ was derived from ‘Alawai’ which means ‘Trisul’, a weapon used by Hindu fanatics to stab Buddhists. Similarly, on the banks of the Vaigai river in Tamilnadu, thousands of Buddhists were killed by the Vaishnava Saint, Sambanthar. Thevaram, a Tamil book, documents this brutal extermination of Buddhism.’ Prof. Bahauddin recalls the strong reasons to believe that a large section of Jains had embraced Islam: ‘The spread of Islam in Tamilnadu can be considered in three or four stages. Islam spread in Kerala and Tamilnadu when Jainism was under pressure (650-750 AD). The new religion was received without resistance…. Since Islam considers every human being with equality Jainism and Buddhism had no conflict with it. When Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim attacked Sindh, the Buddhists supported him because they were facing annihilation at that time. A similar situation was prevailing in South India during 650-750 AD…. Muslims in Tamilnadu are called Anchuvanthar, Labba (teacher), Rauthar, Marakar (sailor) or Jonakan (Yavankan). The Anchuvanam is the guild of traders and groups of artisans. The Muslim mohallas of ‘Anchuvan Vamsagar’, ‘Anchuvanathar’, etc. are scattered all over Tamilnadu and seem to be the en bloc conversion of Jain guilds engaged in different activities, especially weaving. Those who ran away from Tamilnadu settled down in Sravanabalagola and Gomatheswaram in Karnataka. And, those who could not leave due to their economic interests converted to Islam. If we analyze the body structure, food, language, dress, ornaments, customs and habits of Anchuvanthar, it could be see that those are a continuation of Jain way of living and customs. Till recently, the weavers in such Muslim mohallas will not eat at noon or night, and take only one meal before dusk. This was a continuation of Jain habits. There is a separate place in such villages called ‘Odukkam’ where Jain Munist used to sit in prayer. On the last Wednesday of the month called ‘Odukkathae’ Wednesday, the Muslims gather together to sing religious songs, which is also a Jain tradition. When religious functions like Maulood, Rathif, etc. are organized in the house, a white cloth with lotus symbol on it called ‘Mekett’ is tied, which resembles the ‘Asmanagiri’ of the Jains…. The architecture of Muslim stone mosques are completely of Jain architecture. The pillars of earlier mosques have practically no difference with the Jain temple pillars. The close relationship between traders and weavers had probably cemented by conversion to Islam. During 950-1200 AD, there were large number of Sufis, Fakirs, wandering poets, singing minstrels, etc. among Muslims all over Tamilnadu. Nadirshah with 500 disciples settled down in ‘Trichinopoly’ during 1000 AD. Aliyar Shah and his disciples made Madurai as their centre. Baba Fakhruddin travelled all over Tamilnadu. Nagur became another Sufi centre. The Muslim religious literature of Tamilnadu of that period was least different from those created by Jains and Hindus during the ‘Bhakti’ movement.’ Prof. Bahauddin recounts the spread of Jainism and Buddhism in Kerala, thus: ‘Jainism spread in North Kerala around 200 BC. The Jain architectural remains in Canara and Malabar are not available anywhere else in South of Nepal. While Jainism entered North Kerala via Mangalore, Salem, Coimbatore and Wayanad, it entered Southern Kerala from Tirunelveli, Kanyakumari, Nagercoil, Chitharal, etc. The hill near Anamala, which was an important Jain centre, is still called ‘Jain Durgam’. The close-by Kurumala was also a Jain centre. From Anamala through Munnar, Devikulam, Kothamangalam, Perumbavoor, etc. they reached Neryamangalam, Kothamangalam, Perumbavoor and other places. The ‘Kallil Kshetram’ in Perumbavoor is an important Jain monument as also the ‘Jainmedu’ in Vadakethara village of Palakkad district. Kerala's cave temples at Chitharal, Kallil, Trikur, Erunilamkode (Thrissur district) and Thiruveghapuram (Palakkad district) were constructed during the period of Jain King Mahendra Verman-I (610-640 AD). Temple records of Rameswaram, Sucheendram, Poothadi (Wayanad), Keenalur (Kozhicode) , etc. show that they were part of ‘Kunavai Koottam’ during 10-11th centuries. ‘Koottam’ is the place of living for Jain Sanyasis. Temple records show that all these present-day Hindu temples were Jain religious places till 11th century. Place names with Kallu, Poothan, Aathan, Kotha, Palli, Ambalam, etc. were all Jain centres. Spread all over Kerala, names of these places show that Buddhism and Jainism were widespread. The famous Kalpathi in Palakkad district was a Buddhist-Jain centre. The ‘Ratholsavam’ there is akin to the ‘Kettukazhcha’ of Buddhists. The present Bhagavati temples were also Jain temples. The group, ‘Adikal’, had a prominent position among Jains who became ‘Pisharadi’ after absorption of Jainism in Hinduism.’ ‘Similarly, the Buddhist stoopa at Kodungallore, located in Methala village South-East of Thrikanamathilakam, is an important Buddhist ruin in Kerala…. Mahismathi was the capital of Chera King Satyaputran, which shows the relationship of Chera country (Kerala) with Buddhism. There is a reference in ‘Manimekhala’ about a Buddhist Chaityam in Kerala. While Vadakkumnatha Temple at Thrissur and Kurumba Temple at Kodungallore were Buddhist temples, Buddha statues were discovered from Kollam, Alappuzha, Mavelikara, Pallikkal, Karumadi and other places…. Treating mental patients in Thiruvadi temple and leprosy patients in Thakazhi temple shows that they were Buddhist temples since these kind of humanitarian services were not rendered out from Hindu temples…. By 900 AD Buddhism and Jainism were almost wiped out from Tamilnadu. The second settlement wave of Brahmins in Kerala during 900 AD was with Pandyan Kings' support. Karnataka and Kerala were the only two states where Buddhism and Jainism were still surviving and the second immigration of Brahmins might have been for driving out these two religions from the remaining places.’ Prof. Bahauddin recalls: ‘Very few people know that Buddhism and Jainism were the prominent religions of Kerala till 1200 AD. I was also under the impression that Hinduism was in Kerala from the very beginning. When facts were pieced together, a different picture emerged. Only from the end of 1800 AD the evidence became available about Buddha, Buddhism, Ashoka, etc. That fact itself is a pathetic story….’ Adds Dr. Jayaprakash in conclusion: ‘This is what really happened in India, the land of Buddha. But our so-called eminent historians, except a few, are bent upon eclipsing the cruelty done to Buddhists in India. These pseudo historians have succeeded in creating an impression that India is a land of righteousness and toleration. The entire world has been duped by them. The deed on the part of Taliban can be justified on the ground that Islam does not permit idols. But one has to note that Islam does not allow the demolition of other people's religious centres and images. Whatever may be the argument for and against Taliban action, the Hindu atrocities on Buddhism in India has no parallel in the entire world history of religious struggle. Let the world know the cruel and crooked face of the ‘Indian vulture without culture’!

Reference
1. http://www.indiadivine.org/content/topic/968406-hinduism-and-talibanism/

Tuesday 9 December 2014

Why BIG brother is a problem rather than solution?

I always wonder WHY BIG BROTHER mostly jealous and hate small brother in this human society. 

Is it because Younger brother is much better to find out their lovers and followers or progress better  or WHAT? 

In fact, this applies in the case of organised religion of  Abrahamic Religions, namely Judaism, Christianity and Islam  which trace their religious ancestry back through "Father" Abraham. 

We all know that Judaism is a elder brother with 0.2% followers, Christianity is middle brother with 33% followers but decreasing in the western world and Islam is the youngest brother with 23% followers and massively increasing across the globe especially in the western world. 

Always Islam has been accused by Zionists who are mostly Judo-Christians (Jewish and Christians) from across the globe especially from USA and EU who has controlled over Mass, Majority, Media, Money, Materials, Men and Mind. =D They have been keep fighting like a MONKEY playing BLAME GAME among each others and killing own brothers born from a same father. WONDER WHY!!!  

Here is the Genealogy of the World's Abrahamic Religions: Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. 

 Abraham had a wife named Sarah who could not get pregnant. She gave Abraham her handmaid,
named Hagar, as a second wife. Hagar had Abraham's firstborn son, Ishmael. Ishmael and Hagar ended up in the wilderness and were miraculously preserved from exposure, dehydration, and starvation. Eventually, Ishmael would father 12 princes as his sons. From one of his sons, Mohammed was born, and with him, Islam or the Muslim religion.

Abraham eventually fathered a child with Sarah resulting in the birth of Isaac. Isaac fathered Jacob and Jacob fathered sons, including Judah. From the lineage of Judah came the Jewish religion and eventually Jesus Christ was born a Jew and began Christianity in all its forms. All three Abrahamic Religions combined account for about 55% or 3,685,000,000 people. Father Abraham was promised by God that his descendants would eventually inherit a piece of land called Canaan which had about the same land mass as New Jersey and is called Israel in present day. 

Christians, Muslims, and Jews have battled and argued over this holy land for centuries and do to
this day. 
"I often tell my students that the prophecy stated that Abrahams descendants would inherit the land, not get along together once they did."
Dr. Ron J. Hammond 


Therefore, it seems that BIG brother is a problem and small brother is a solution in this human society. 

It applies both in Abrahamic religions as well as South Asian originated religions, namely Hinduism which is the oldest religion (BIG BROTHER), Jainism (2nd brother), Buddhism (3r brother) and Sikkhism (last brother) and in the context of South Asian BIG brother is creating more problems to humanity since ancient time when we look deep into the history we can find Genocide of tribes as well as other religion chiefly Buddhism. 

Wonder WHY BIG brother is a problem rather than becoming a solution!!!
Is it because BIG brother is too much DOGMATIC and GREEDY or WHAT!!!


Reference
"Introduction to Sociology" published in 2010 by Dr. Ron J. Hammond, Family Studies Program Coordinator and Professor of Sociology, Behavioral Science Department, Utah Valley University, USA http://freebooks.uvu.edu/SOC1010/index.php/about.html